GERUND & CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Gerund

¡  Gerund adalah bentuk VERB ING dari kata kerja yang difungsikan sebagai kata benda(noun)(membedakan kata kerja)

¡  Gerund berbentuk sama dengan present participle,tetapi mempunyai fungsi yang berbeda,dan bukan berarti “Sedang”

Penggunaan Gerund

1. Sebagai Subyek

                Example : - Reading is my hobby

                                                    - Smoking is bad for your health

2. Sebagai Obyek

                Example :  - He loves hunting

                                                     - I donot like smoking

                                                     - They finished speaking

3. Sebagai Subjective Complement

        (pelengkap pokok kalimat)

Example :

                - One of his worst habits is telling lies

                - What she likes is watching the children play

4. Digunakan di belakang NO…………..

                membentuk kalimat pendek yang menyatakan larangan atau  peringatan

Example :  - No Smoking !

                                                 -  No Parking !

                                                 -  No fishing !

Passive Voice

Kalimat Pasif

Active and Passive Voice

¡  Sebuah kalimat dapat berbentuk kalimat aktif yang subyeknya melakukan pekerjaan

¡  Kalimat Pasif yang subyeknya dikenai pekerjaan

Langkah untuk membuat kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat Pasif

¡  1. Letakkan obyek dari kalimat aktif di awal kalimat

         pasif  (obyek kalimat aktif menjadi subyek

         kalimat pasif).

¡  2. Jika dlm kalimat aktif tidak ada auxilary(to be)

         maka tambahkanlah to be yang sesuai dengan

         subyek dlm kalimat pasif tsb,dan yg sesuai dengan

         bentuk tensesnya.

¡  3. Letakkanlah kata kerja utama dari kalimat pasif

         sesudah auxilliary(to be) dalam bentuk past

         participle.

¡  4.Letakkanlah preposition by sesudah kata kerja

         utama dalam kalimat pasif sebelum subyek.

Pedoman pemakaian “be” dalam Kalimat Pasif

¡  1. Present Tense                              am,is,are

¡  2. Present Continous Tense        am,is,are +being

¡  3. Present Perpect Tense             has,have +been

¡  4. Past Tense                                     was,were

¡  5. Past Perpect Tense                    had been

¡  6. Past Continous Tense                                was,were +being

¡  7. Future Tense                                                shall,will + be

¡  8. Future Perpect Tense                               shall/will + be

¡  9. Modal                                             modal + be

¡  10.Modal + Perpect                           modal+have been

TENSES

1.     PRESENT TENSE  (Waktu Sekarang)

Uses

1. For the facts that are not limited to specific time and for general trust

2. For repeat, habitual,  or usual action

3. For information from book, poem, research or other work

The  present tense takes the form :

 Subject + AF + (Verb I / Verb + s ) + Complement

Example :

1. Water boils at 100°Celsius.

                The sun rises in the east.

2. They play volley ball every Saturday morning

                Every day, students send summaries to the teacher.

3. In drama, Romeo and Juliet love each other despite their family differences.

               

Time signal in present tense :

§  Every day                            * Every week

§  Every Sunday                     * Every month

§  Every year                           * every time

Adverb of frequency:

§  Sometimes                         * Always

§  Seldom                                 * Often

§  Usually                                 * Generally

§  Never

Negative :

Subject + do not + AF + Verb I+Complement

                does not         without S

1. (+) He writes a letter every week

(-)  He does not write a letter every week

2. (+) I go to school by motorcycle.

(-) I do not go to school by motorcycle

3. Mother drinks coffee every morning

Mother does not drink coffee every morning.

Interrogative

Do/ Does + Subject + AF + Verb I without s + Complement

1.       Does he write a letter every week ?

2.       Do you sometimes swim in the sea ?

                Yes, I do                               No, I do not

3.   Does mother drink coffee every morning ?

                Yes, she does                    No, she does not

Story

Stupid People

One day a man went to a place by foot. He was name Ditya. On the way, he saw a man in a tree. The man is Ditya’s friend named Ryan. He was sawing a tree branch, but Ryan was sitting on a branch that will cut. Ditya saw it, then he advised Ryan.

"Ryan, what are you doing in a tree?" said Ditya

"I was sawing a branch of this tree"

"Ryan! Why are you sitting on that branch?"

"It’s up to me! Is something wrong? ”response Ryan

“The position of your seat, you might fall” Ditya commemorates Ryan

“Shut Up! Do not many comments. You are not an astrologer, are you? So you do not know I would fall or not. Continue your journey! Don not worries, I will not fall” Ryan ignored.